Exploring the Number of Stairs in a Staircase

Staircases are an essential architectural feature in buildings, connecting floors and offering access to different levels. The number of stairs in a staircase can vary significantly based on several factors, including design, purpose, and codes. Here, we delve into the typical number of stairs in different settings, along with the regulations governing staircase design.

General Guidelines for Staircase Stairs

The number of stairs in a residential, commercial, or public staircase can differ widely. Here are some general guidelines based on the specific purpose of the staircase: Residential Staircases:
A residential staircase typically features between 12 to 15 stairs to connect two floors, depending on the ceiling height. This range allows for a comfortable rise and run while meeting building code standards. Commercial Staircases:
In commercial buildings, the number of stairs can vary more significantly, with flights often containing 10 to 20 stairs per flight, especially in larger structures. Building height and design considerations play a crucial role in this variation. Public Buildings or High-Rise Structures:
Staircases in public buildings or high-rise structures may consist of multiple flights, sometimes exceeding 20 stairs per flight. This design ensures safety and accessibility for a large number of people.

Historical Context and Current Regulations

Historically, the design of staircases followed certain conventions. For instance, 40 years ago, when I was practicing as an architect, a common standard for a domestic dwelling without a landing was 13 risers with a single handrail, while a staircase with a landing featured 17 risers with two handrails. The number of stairs in a staircase can vary depending on the building's specific requirements and the preferences of the architect or designer.

Regulations and Building Codes

Building codes have specific guidelines for the design of staircases, including the maximum rise height of each step and the run depth of each step. These regulations can influence the number of stairs in a staircase. For example, in Queensland, Australia, a standard step rise is 185 mm. According to guidelines, a maximum of 12 treads should be present before a landing is included as a rest point. Therefore, a staircase with 15 treads would typically be designed with 2 seven-tread stringers and a landing.

When it comes to staircase design, there are different rules for different applications. Private stairs generally have the most relaxed rules, while fire escapes require the most stringent regulations. The stair design must account for factors such as the type of building, the number of users, and safety standards.

Common Misconceptions About Staircases

Contrary to a common misconception, a staircase is not simply a set of stairs; it is a series of elements that work together to create a functional and safe passage. For instance, if there is a hallway or staircase in your home, it is one staircase, regardless of the number of steps. A flight is a continuous series of stairs, typically transitioning at some point to a landing, which serves as a rest point.

Conclusion

The number of stairs in a staircase can vary widely depending on the design and purpose of the staircase. Factors such as ceiling height, building codes, and design preferences all play a role in determining the number of stairs. Understanding the regulations and guidelines can help ensure that staircases are safe, functional, and meet the specific needs of the building.