Perceptions and Responses to Earthquakes in Feudal Japan
The land of ancient Japan was reshaped not only by nature’s powerful forces, but also by the beliefs and perceptions of its people. Among the many natural phenomena that challenged the stability of daily life during feudal times, earthquakes held a significant place both in reality and in myth. This article explores the unique beliefs surrounding earthquakes in feudal Japan and how these beliefs influenced the responses of the people and the government.
Religious and Mytical Explanations
In feudal Japan, before the advent of earth science, natural disasters such as earthquakes were attributed to supernatural causes. Central to these beliefs was a powerful carp or dragon that dwelled beneath the earth's crust. According to ancient Japanese folklore, this great dragon was responsible for the tremors that shook the land. This origin myth contributed to a deep-seated fear of earthquakes, which were often seen as omens or the result of divine anger.
The prevalence of these beliefs is evident in many aspects of daily life and governance. Even today, the influence of these myths can be seen in the way the landscape is marked and the safety measures that are taken. For instance, public safety signs in Tokyo, particularly those indicating primary evacuation routes, often feature a big blue carp. This symbol, while serving a practical purpose, also honors the ancient beliefs that have shaped the understanding of natural disasters in Japanese culture.
Governmental and Societal Responses
The government of feudal Japan had a significant role in managing the risks posed by earthquakes. Measures such as building codes and emergency plans were put in place to reduce the impact of these disasters. However, given the limited understanding of seismology at the time, these measures were based largely on traditional beliefs and practical experience.
The Wakoku Shi (also known as the "Old Book of Japan"), an early 8th-century historical text, records the first description of an earthquake predictor known in Japan, specifically mentioning the sky darkening before an earthquake. This demonstrates the early efforts by the government and scholars to understand and predict natural phenomenon.
In addition to building codes, which were designed to ensure that structures could withstand the tremors, the government also implemented evacuation drills and safe room designations. These were based on the belief that earthquakes were a cyclical occurrence managed through divine intervention, as well as practical measures to ensure the safety of the populace.
Modern Resonance of Ancient Beliefs
While the scientific understanding of earthquakes has advanced significantly since feudal times, the cultural impact of these beliefs remains. Modern Japan continues to grapple with the legacy of earthquake myths, blending ancient wisdom with contemporary science. The blue carp symbol, for instance, is a testament to this cultural transition. It serves as both a reminder of the mythological past and a practical guide for disaster preparedness, illustrating how ancient beliefs and modern scientific knowledge can coexist and enhance community resilience.
Today, the symbol of the blue carp can be found in numerous public safety campaigns, educational materials, and building designs, serving as a visual reminder of the importance of earthquake preparedness. This dual purpose—honoring tradition and promoting safety—underscores the enduring influence of ancient beliefs on modern Japanese culture.
Conclusion
Feudal Japan’s approach to earthquakes was deeply rooted in religious and mythological belief systems. These beliefs not only shaped the cultural and social fabric of the society but also influenced governmental and societal responses to natural disasters. The legacy of these ancient beliefs continues to resonate in modern Japan, where the blue carp symbol serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of earthquake preparedness and the enduring power of cultural heritage in the face of natural calamities.