Why Did Egypt Open and Close Its Border with Gaza?

The border between Egypt and Gaza is a critical point for understanding the complex relationship between these two regions. Historically, Egypt's decision to open and close this border has been influenced by various political, security, and humanitarian factors. This article will delve into the reasons behind Egypt's actions regarding its border with Gaza.

The Historical Context

1970s Revolutions and Expulsions: The roots of Egypt's current stance on the Gaza border trace back to the 1970s. During that time, a Palestinian revolution took place within Egypt, aiming to overthrow the government. Following this, thousands of Palestinians sympathetic to the cause were expelled from the country, often to neighboring Jordan, where they faced similar measures and were eventually expelled again. This series of events set a precedent for Egypt's cautious approach toward Palestinian refugees and extremists.

Security Concerns and Ideological Radicalization

Security Concerns: In recent years, Egypt has taken significant steps to tighten border controls, much like its neighboring country Jordan. The primary reason for these actions is the fear of security threats. Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood, both considered extremist movements, have a notable presence in Gaza. Their influence can lead to radicalization among Palestinians, especially given the cross-border movements between Gaza and Egypt.

Lessons from the Past:

Hamas Terrorists and Buried Evidence: The Egyptian government has a vested interest in maintaining control over the border to prevent Hamas from exploiting it as a strategic hub for arms and military operations. It is well aware of Hamas's activities and the potential risks associated with an open border. The government fears that an influx of radicalized Palestinians could pose a serious threat to national security. Border Combat and Tunnel Warfare: Over the years, Egypt has joined forces with Israel in closing the border. This joint effort is a response to the discovery of numerous tunnels that were constructed between Egypt and Gaza. The existence of these tunnels was initially denied by Egypt, but this has not deterred the authorities from taking action. The tunnels are suspected to be used for smuggling weapons, goods, and even individuals, which poses a significant security risk. Control Over Refugees: Another key factor is the desire to avoid a humanitarian crisis. Egypt is concerned about the impact that allowing large numbers of Palestinian refugees into the country would have. The government is aware that accommodating refugees could strain resources and exacerbate social tensions, leading to political instability.

The Bottom Line

In summary, Egypt's actions regarding its border with Gaza are driven by a combination of security concerns, ideological motivations, and pragmatic considerations. The government is acutely aware of the risks posed by Hamas and other extremist groups, and its intention is to maintain control and prevent any potential threats from crossing into the country.

Conclusion

The complex geopolitical landscape surrounding the border between Egypt and Gaza serves as a reminder of the multifaceted issues at play. While border control is a necessary measure for security reasons, it also poses significant challenges for regional cooperation and humanitarian efforts. Understanding the reasons behind Egypt's actions is crucial for navigating the volatile dynamics of this border region.